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Rare gas clusters, time-of-flight, mass spectrometry, magic numbers, dissociation energy, surface entropy, cluster implantation, crater, hillock. --- Nanotechnology.

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Founded more than hundred years ago, ENGIE Electrabel is a Belgian power company whose reputation is well established in Belgium. The company is specialized in energy services, power and gas and is a member of ENGIE Group since 2007. The goal of Electrabel is to be the leader in the energy transition by providing green energy. However, for several years, Electrabel’s reputation is suffering from a negative image in the press and winter 2018 was particularly hard for the company due to several reasons, such as for example problems with nuclear power plants.
The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility actions, initiated by ENGIE, and more especially the effect on workers in a crisis context. Therefore, the project aims to analyze the current situation by doing an audit and to formulate a guideline composed by recommendations for a future strategy of responsibility. 
After exposing the context and current situation, this project thesis analyses workers’ opinion about CSR as well as its impact on employees, on the crisis and on ENGIE’s strategy. Firstly, we conduct a theoretical framework analysis and a benchmarking of other companies which have faced or not a crisis. After the diagnosis, we launch in the first place a qualitative research, through face to face interviews. These meetings with different employees are completed by a quantitative survey shared online. This data collection stage is followed by the analysis of gathered results. Finally, in the last part, are formulated concrete recommendations and suggestions for CSR development. 
The findings of our project demonstrate that CSR is currently not enough known and fully appreciated by workers. They do not see any relation between a time of crisis and societal actions as they have difficulty seeing the real impact of CSR. Hence, these results encourage ENGIE to rethink its responsibility strategy for the future.

Corporate Social Responsibility --- Involvement --- Sense of belonging --- Strategy --- Impact --- Time of crisis --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Gestion de l'entreprise & théorie des organisations

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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HRTOFMS) has been used to perform non-recreational cannabis strains differentiation. The sampling method, based on dynamic headspace and thermal desorption (TD), has been optimized to maximize volatile organic compound (VOC) collection. Volatile profiles of nine cannabis flowers were collected at room temperature using thermal desorption tubes. Terpenes and other specific volatile compounds emitted by the flowers have been used through advanced data analysis. Different data pre-treatments have been investigated on raw data prior to statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to visualize the impact of pre-processing. Based on the selected data treatment, five strains out of the nine were selected for strain differentiation. Furthermore, the global chemical classes repartition, odor profile, and medical effects of strains were investigated. Major compounds listed in literature have been successfully identified by the HRTOFMS, using the combination of specific fragmentation and high mass accuracy to increase the confidence in compounds identification. In conclusion, strains have been separated upon PCA results, which has shown also its potential to differentiate cannabis subspecies. Moreover, compound investigation has shown similar profile of aromas with different major flavors in different strains and has shown different medical compound amounts proving the medical potential of cannabis-based products uses. La chromatographie en phase gazeuse bidimensionnelle (GC×GC) couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol à haute résolution (HRTOFMS) a été utilisée pour différencier des fleurs de cannabis à usage non-récréatif. La méthode d’échantillonnage, basée sur l’échantillonnage dynamique de l’espace de tête et sur la désorption thermique (TD), a été optimisée afin de maximiser la collection de composés organiques volatils (COVs). Les COVs de neuf fleurs de cannabis ont été récoltés à température ambiante à l’aide de tubes de désorption thermique. L’analyse des données s’est basée sur le profil des terpènes et autres composés volatils des fleurs. Des pré-traitements des données ont été effectués avant leurs analyses statistiques. L’analyse par composante principale (ACP) a été utilisée afin de visualiser l’impact du pré-traitement sur les données. A partir des données sélectionnées après le pré-traitement, cinq fleurs sur les neufs ont été sélectionnées en vue de les différencier. La répartition globale des classes de composés chimiques, le profil des odeurs et des effets médicaux des fleurs ont également été étudiés. Les composés majeurs référencés dans la littérature ont été identifiés par la HRTOFMS qui confère une haute précision de la masse et une plus grande certitude dans l’identification des composés. En conclusion, les fleurs ont été séparées selon leurs résultats d’ACP. Celle-ci a montré son potentiel pour différencier les sous-espèces de cannabis. De plus, l’analyse des composés a montré des profils d’odeurs similaires, avec des arômes majoritaires dans les différentes fleurs. Elle a aussi montré la présence de composés médicinaux, montrant le potentiel médical des produits basés sur le cannabis.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- Cannabis --- Volatile organic compounds --- Thermal desorption --- High resolution time-of-flight mass spectroscopy --- Chromatographie gazeuse bidimensionnelle --- Cannabis --- Désorption thermique --- Spectroscopie de masse à temps de vol à haute résolution --- Composés organiques volatils --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie